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François Victor Alphonse Aulard (19 July 1849 – 23 October 1928) was the first professional French historian of the French Revolution and of Napoleon. He argued: :From the social point of view, the Revolution consisted in the suppression of what was called the feudal system, in the emancipation of the individual, in greater division of landed property, the abolition of the privileges of noble birth, the establishment of equality, the simplification of life.... The French Revolution differed from other revolutions in being not merely national, for it aimed at benefiting all humanity." Aulard's historiography was based on positivism. The assumption was that methodology was all-important and the historian's duty was to present in chronological order the duly verified facts, to analyze relations between facts, and provide the most likely interpretation. Full documentation based on research in the primary sources was essential. He took the lead and publication very important documents, and in training advanced students in the proper use and analysis of primary sources. Aulard's famous four volume history of the Revolution focused on parliamentary debates, not action in the street; in institutions, not insurrections. He emphasized public opinion, elections, parties, parliamentary majorities, and legislation. He recognized the complications that prevented the Revolution from fulfilling all its ideal promises – as when the legislators of 1793 made a suffrage universal for all men, but also established the dictatorship of the Terror.〔Furet (1789) 882, 887〕 ==Career== He was born at Montbron in Charente. He entered the École Normale Supérieure in 1867 and obtained the degree of doctor of letters in 1877 with a thesis in Latin on Gaius Asinius Pollio and a French one on Giacomo Leopardi (whose works he subsequently translated into French.) Moving from literature to history, he made a study of parliamentary oratory during the French Revolution, and published two volumes on ''Les orateurs de la Constituante'' (1882) and on ''Les orateurs de la Legislative et de la Convention'' (1885). With these works he established a reputation as a careful scholar well versed in the primary sources of the French Revolution. Applying to the study of the French Revolution the rules of historical criticism which had produced such rich results in the study of ancient and medieval history, Aulard devoted himself to profound research in the archives, and to the publication of numerous important contributions to the political, administrative and moral history of that period. His masterwork was a ''Histoire politique de la Revolution française'' (4 vol, 3rd ed. 1901). He championed Georges Danton, as opposed to Maximilien Robespierre, seeing in Danton the true spirit of the embattled Revolution, and the inspiration of the national defense against foreign enemies.〔James Godfrey, "Alphonse Aulard." in S. William Halperin, , ed. Essays in modern European historiography. (University of Chicago Press, 1970) pp 22-42〕 Appointed professor of the history of the French Revolution at the Sorbonne in 1885, he formed the minds of students who in their turn did valuable work. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「François Victor Alphonse Aulard」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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